OSS 117 began as a French spy hero in novels by Jean Bruce, but the character became widely known through Michel Hazanavicius's comedy films starring Jean Dujardin as Hubert Bonisseur de La Bath, starting with Cairo, Nest of Spies in 2006. The films parody 1950s and 1960s spy cinema by giving their hero complete confidence and outdated attitudes, and short spoken lines from them have circulated widely as memes and reaction sounds. Fans still reuse them because the delivery is instantly recognisable, even in a clip lasting only a few seconds.