TCAS, the Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System, became mandatory on large commercial aircraft in the 1990s after a series of mid-air collisions. The 'Traffic, traffic' callout is a traffic advisory, the system's first and calmest warning level, issued before the more urgent 'climb' or 'descend' resolution advisories. Cockpit recordings of these alerts spread through aviation forums and flight simulator communities, and the sound is now instantly recognisable to planespotters and virtual pilots alike.