The pandeiro is a hand frame drum central to Brazilian music, especially samba and choro, with roots in Portuguese and African percussion traditions brought to Brazil centuries ago. Players hold it in one hand and strike, shake and rub the head with the other, producing jingle, bass and slap tones from a single instrument. Its compact, joyful sound became a staple of carnival ensembles and rodas de samba, and short sampled hits are now widely reused online as a lively transition and rhythm sound effect.