The music was composed by Alexander Alexandrov and adopted as the State Anthem of the Soviet Union in 1944, replacing The Internationale. It served as the national anthem until the USSR dissolved in 1991, and its melody was later reused for the Russian national anthem in 2000 with new lyrics. Online, the dramatic opening became shorthand for communism, Soviet nostalgia and over the top patriotism, spreading through history edits, gaming videos and meme compilations where its serious tone contrasts with humorous scenes.