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The phrase comes from a declaration by Carles Puigdemont, then president of Catalonia, announcing that the independence referendum of 1 October 2017 would go ahead despite opposition from the Spanish government. By repeating referendum twice, he presented the vote as unavoidable, and the short line was quickly picked up in Catalan news coverage and online discussion. It has since circulated as a political soundbite in edits, debates, and satirical videos about Catalan independence, where its blunt repetition still signals determination and defiance over the 1-O vote.
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Carles Puigdemont says 'o referèndum o referèndum' in this clip announcing the 1 October 2017 independence vote, used in political edits and memes.
Carles Puigdemont delivers the line 'o referèndum o referèndum' in a firm, measured voice, repeating the word referendum twice for emphasis in Catalan. The clip is very short, just under two seconds, and captures a single declarative phrase with no music, crowd noise, or other speakers, so the statement lands cleanly and directly. Its tone is serious and resolute rather than playful, which makes it feel like a political slogan when placed over news footage, debate clips, or satirical edits. Listeners recognise the insistence immediately, even without understanding Catalan, because the repetition creates a rhythmic, chant-like emphasis.
