Faccetta Nera was written in 1935, with lyrics by Renato Micheli and music by Mario Ruccione, as Italy prepared to invade Ethiopia under Mussolini. Its title, meaning Little Black Face, was directed at an imagined Ethiopian woman awaiting Italian soldiers. The song became one of the most recognisable popular marches of fascist Italy and circulated widely on radio and records. After the war it remained controversial for its colonial and racial framing, and today it survives mainly in archives, scholarship and discussions about propaganda.