The clip comes from Full Metal Jacket, Stanley Kubrick's 1987 war film, where the phrase is barked in the intense, profanity driven world of Marine training. Jesus H Christ itself is a much older American exclamation, used for generations as a stronger form of surprise or irritation that avoids a direct religious curse. Lifted from the film, the short line spread through soundboards and meme edits as a ready made reaction, kept alive because its military delivery makes ordinary frustration sound dramatically over the top.