Pumuckl first appeared in books by Ellis Kaut before becoming the star of the German television series Meister Eder und sein Pumuckl in the early 1980s, where the kobold lived with carpenter Meister Eder and caused constant mischief. His cheeky Bavarian-flavoured speech made him a lasting figure in German children's culture, and short clips of his catchphrases now circulate as reaction sounds online. Gar nix, a shortened form of gar nichts, captures his habit of denying everything, which is why editors still reach for it for comic refusals.