The Doppler effect was first described by Austrian physicist Christian Doppler in 1842 to explain how the frequency of a wave changes for an observer when its source is moving. It is most familiar from everyday sounds such as passing ambulances and trains, where the pitch seems to shift at the moment they go by. Teachers and creators now use short recordings like this one online to make that idea audible, because hearing the rise and fall is clearer than reading a formula alone.