“The Star-Spangled Banner” developed from a poem written by Francis Scott Key in 1814 after the bombardment of Fort McHenry during the War of 1812. Its words were set to the melody of a song associated with English composer John Stafford Smith. The song became the official United States national anthem in 1931. It remains widely heard at government ceremonies, military events, schools, and sporting contests, while short excerpts also circulate online in patriotic tributes, historical edits, political videos, and ironic memes.