The phrase comes from the 1967 film Cool Hand Luke, where the prison captain, played by Strother Martin, delivers the full line, 'What we've got here is failure to communicate,' to Paul Newman's title character. The line was already famous as a piece of movie dialogue long before short clips and reaction memes gave it a second life online. Creators now lift the shortened version as shorthand for any stubborn misunderstanding, and its staying power comes from how neatly it sums up a failed conversation in just a few calm words.