The Internationale began as a French workers song, with lyrics by Eugène Pottier in 1871 and music by Pierre De Geyter in 1888, before becoming the anthem of socialist and communist movements worldwide. A Russian translation served as the national anthem of the Soviet Union from 1922 until 1944, cementing this chorus in Soviet film, parades and propaganda recordings. Online, the refrain survived as shorthand for revolution and USSR nostalgia, reused in history posts, edits and memes long after the Soviet era ended.