San xiao comes from Taiwanese Hokkien slang, where it is a blunt way to ask what something is or what someone means, similar to what the hell in English. The short spoken form san xiao a spread online as a reaction sound in chats, short videos and meme edits, especially in Chinese speaking communities. Its appeal is the tone as much as the words, a quick burst of disbelief that needs no context. It remains popular because it works instantly as a comment on anything confusing or ridiculous.