The line comes from Au service de la France, the French spy comedy set in the 1960s secret service, where Colonel Maurice Mercaillon is the rigid superior constantly frustrated by incompetence around him. His use of bolcheviques as an all purpose insult reflects the Cold War language of the period and his old guard character. Clips of his outbursts later circulated online in French speaking communities as reaction audio, and this phrase stuck because it can dismiss any absurd argument without needing the original scene for context.